The function of the lower urinary tract — to store and periodically eliminate urine — seems simple, but its neuronal control is complex and not fully understood, and dysfunction is common. Functional ...

Compared with patients who did not receive the deep-brain stimulation surgery, patients who received the surgery experienced improvements in urinary frequency, urgency, and inconsistence. Deep-brain ...

In 1953, Homer Smith wrote that “the kidneys make the stuff of philosophy itself”. At the time when Smith wrote his treatise “From fish to philosopher”, the origins of vertebrates were largely unknown ...

Urinary stone is a condition in which deposits that are not properly excreted from the kidneys crystallise in the urinary tract and cause obstruction. It is one of the most common causes of urinary ...