In the past, many scientists believed that only mammals and birds could feel or think in complex ways. Reptiles, fish, and insects were seen as simple creatures that reacted purely on instinct. But ...

I always love it when scientific researchers provide solid empirical data on the cognitive and emotional lives of nonhuman animals (animals) that some take to be a "surprise" because in their ...

Bees play by rolling wooden balls — apparently for fun. The cleaner wrasse fish appears to recognize its own visage in an underwater mirror. Octopuses seem to react to anesthetic drugs and will avoid ...