Understanding randomness is crucial in many fields. From computer science and engineering to cryptography and weather forecasting, studying and interpreting randomness helps us simulate real-world ...

Modern physics has turned the old clockwork picture of the universe into something far stranger, filled with quantum probabilities, emergent patterns and deep puzzles about what counts as a “cause.” ...

A team including Scott Aaronson demonstrated what may be the first practical application of quantum computers to a real world problem. Using a 56-qubit quantum computer, researchers have for the first ...

Randomness is incredibly useful. People often draw straws, throw dice or flip coins to make fair choices. Random numbers can enable auditors to make completely unbiased selections. Randomness is also ...

Katie has a PhD in maths, specializing in the intersection of dynamical systems and number theory. She reports on topics from maths and history to society and animals. Katie has a PhD in maths, ...