The exact cause of personality disorders is unclear. However, genetics, neurological differences, and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these complex mental health conditions.

No cluster D of personality disorders is currently featured in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Only clusters A, B, and C are ...

Where mood disorders can cause temporary or fluctuating changes in mood, personality disorders cause symptoms that remain consistent over time and across a range of situations. For example, bipolar ...

Personality disorders represent a major class of psychopathology. They are characterized by long-standing problems with relationships and identity and emotional regulation, which leads to chronic ...

Medically reviewed by Elle Markman, PsyD, MPH Key Takeaways BPD affects mood, relationships, and how people see ...

Schizophrenia involves periods of psychosis, with symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Schizoid personality disorder is a persistent pattern of thoughts and behaviors that cause distress but ...

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) publishes “Practice Guidelines” for the treatment of several mental disorders, including eating disorders, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. These manuals ...

The role of environment and pre-existing risk factors in BPD has identified new therapies. Growing awareness of this mental illness characterized by heightened emotional response and volatile ...

Dissociation is a common symptom in borderline personality disorder and is associated with an increased risk of suicidality ...

Symptoms of ASPD can start in childhood and may include manipulative and reckless behaviors. ASPD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, which makes it harder to treat. Up to 31% of ...