Shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interactions are phenomena encountered in high-speed flows, where abrupt pressure changes associated with shock waves impinge upon the viscous layer of fluid ...

I had a customer who was thermal printing strip steel. The steel is washed with solvents and blown dry. He was having a problem: When the strip's speed increased, the thermo printer would catch fire.

A typical challenge for re-entry vehicles during flight is an effective control of hypersonic transition and the laminar/turbulent state of the boundary layer. The state of the boundary layer is of ...