T cell activation—the process by which these key immune defenders recognize threats and mobilize against them—depends on exquisitely timed molecular signals. Now researchers have captured one of the ...

Antigen processing and presentation is the process by which protein antigen is ingested by an antigen-presenting cell (APC), partially digested into peptide fragments and then displayed on the surface ...

This article explains what an antigen is and the best method to choose an antigen against which to raise an antibody. All immunohistochemical techniques are based upon the same principle: a specific ...

Antigen retrieval techniques are used to enhance signals in immunohistochemical testing. What are antigen retrieval methods needed? Fixation is a key step performed during immunohistochemistry to ...

A non-allergen antigen could be a bacteria, virus, parasite, or fungus that causes an infection. This could also be something else that causes antibody immune system response, like toxins, chemicals, ...

The induction and maintenance of robust immune tolerance has been the holy grail of immunology for decades. In the absence of robust unresponsiveness of the immune system to self antigens (immune ...

To activate T cells, DCs take up, process, and present antigens as part of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) that interact with T cell recep­tors. Therefore, Curtis and her team set out to ...

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have emerged as a revolutionary approach in the field of hematological malignancies, offering unprecedented clinical efficacy when patients have ...

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy represents a milestone in leukemia treatment. CAR T works by genetically ...

COVID-19 tests are in greater demand than ever, and new data about the Omicron variant can make picking and using different types of tests confusing. Molecular tests for COVID-19, like the "RT-PCR" ...

The terms “process-specific” and “generic” are commonly used in scientific publications and regulatory guidelines in reference to host cell protein (HCP) analysis of recombinant biopharmaceuticals.